Exhibit 1167 ยท Journal article (meta-analysis)
Bad Apples, Bad Cases, and Bad Barrels: Meta-Analytic Evidence About Sources of Unethical Decisions at Work
In this meta-analysis, the authors draw from over 30 years of research and multiple literatures to examine individual ("bad apple"), moral issue ("bad case"), and organizational environment ("bad barrel") antecedents of unethical choice.
Meta-analysis of over 30 years of research that sorts antecedents of unethical choice into individual traits, features of the moral issue and the organizational environment, and finds unethical choice is multidetermined. ABSTRACT ONLY read (Penn State research record); the journal text is paywalled and no open copy was found, so effect sizes by category are not verified.
- Source
- Kish-Gephart, Harrison and Trevino, Journal of Applied Psychology 95(1):1-31
- Date
- January 2010
- Quoted from
- Abstract (Penn State Pure record, doi 10.1037/a0017103)
- Grade
- Peer-reviewed
- Document
- https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017103
- Accessed
- 2026-11-10
- Cited by
- Findings citing this exhibit
- Note
- Standing note: robust as a synthesis but self-report and scenario studies dominate the sample, and the abstract does not rank barrels over apples; it says the three sets must be studied together. Do not cite it as proof that barrels beat apples until the full text is read.