Exhibit 263 ยท Research paper (not peer reviewed)
How Death Outlives War: The Reverberating Impact of the Post-9/11 Wars on Human Health
These experts suggested that a reasonable, conservative average estimate for any contemporary conflict is a ratio of four indirect deaths for every one direct death.
Estimates 3.6 to 3.8 million indirect deaths by applying the Geneva Declaration Secretariat's 2008 ratio of four indirect to one direct death to 905,000 to 940,000 direct deaths; total 4.5 to 4.7 million. States the precise figure is unknown and the impacts are 'unquantifiable.'
- Source
- Costs of War Project (Stephanie Savell)
- Date
- 15 May 2023
- Quoted from
- p. 10
- Grade
- Primary record
- Document
- https://costsofwar.watson.brown.edu/sites/default/files/papers/How-Death-Outlives-War.pdf
- Accessed
- 2026-11-09
- Cited by
- Findings citing this exhibit