Mechanism

The filtered record

Evidence that reaches the public selectively: unpublished results, ghostwritten reviews, late retractions and suppressed findings.

Information and Perception

Finding INF-2.14: Primary record The Defense Department Inspector General reported on 9 February 2007 that the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy developed, produced and disseminated alternative intelligence assessments on the Iraq-al Qaida relationship, and called the actions "not illegal or unauthorized" and "inappropriate."
Finding INF-4.6: Primary record Google's U.S. table lists 717 court and government requests naming 6,991 items in 2021, mostly for defamation, trademark and privacy, with no misinformation category. Meta's report excludes government reports handled under its Community Standards and lists 3 U.S. items for the first half of 2021 and 21 for the second, and X's report for January to June 2024 has no separate U.S. line in its removal table.
Finding INF-4.7: Open question No public dataset states how many government reports to platforms from 2017 to 2024 led to removal, by agency, platform and administration. The only figure in the record is the FBI agent's recollection of about half.

Medicine and Public Health

Finding MED-3.5: Primary record The one institutional study to compare vaccinated and unvaccinated children found more chronic disease in the vaccinated, and it was not published.
Finding MED-4.1: Peer-reviewed The FDA judged 38 of 74 antidepressant trials (51 percent) positive. In the published literature, 48 of 51 trials (94 percent) appeared positive.
Finding MED-4.2: Peer-reviewed A 2001 article reported paroxetine effective and well tolerated in depressed adolescents. A 2015 reanalysis of the same trial's records found no advantage over placebo on the prespecified outcomes and counted 11 paroxetine patients with suicidal or self-injurious behavior where the article had counted five.
Finding MED-4.3: Peer-reviewed Of 4,209 clinical trials required by federal law to report their results by September 2019, 1,722 (40.9 percent) had reported on time.
Finding MED-4.5: Reported In November 2025 a toxicology journal retracted a 2000 glyphosate safety review, citing possible uncredited writing by Monsanto employees. A Monsanto-funded 2016 expert panel had corrected its acknowledgments in 2018 to add a Monsanto scientist.
Finding MED-4.6: Reported An EPA Inspector General memo found that a Monsanto scientist made substantive, uncredited contributions to a 2013 glyphosate review. EPA relied on the review in 2020, and EFSA cited it in 2023.
Finding MED-11.3: Primary record DuPont's 2005 settlement resolved eight EPA counts, seven of them for failures to report to EPA information about substantial risk of injury to human health or the environment that DuPont obtained about PFOA from as early as 1981 to as recently as 2004.
Finding MED-11.4: Peer-reviewed A 2023 analysis of DuPont and 3M documents identified suppression of unfavorable PFAS research and distortion of public disclosure.
Finding MED-12.5: Primary record GAO found that flawed exposure models undermined federal conclusions about Gulf War chemical-agent exposure and health outcomes.
Finding MED-12.9: Primary record The CIA destroyed MKULTRA records in 1973; surviving financial records brought additional experiments before the Senate in 1977.

War and Defense

Finding DEF-2.2: Primary record Hanyok found that "The withheld information constituted nearly 90 percent of all available SIGINT" and that "only SIGINT that supported the claim that the communists had attacked the two destroyers was given to administration officials."
Finding DEF-2.4: Primary record The Senate Select Committee on Intelligence reported unanimously in July 2004 that most major key judgments of the October 2002 National Intelligence Estimate on Iraq "either overstated, or were not supported by, the underlying intelligence reporting." The Committee found no evidence that administration officials pressured analysts, and found that the CIA's unclassified white paper dropped the Estimate's caveats and its dissenting agencies.
Finding DEF-2.6: Primary record The Senate Select Committee on Intelligence's 2008 report, approved 10-5, found that most statements by senior officials on Iraq's weapons programs were substantiated by the intelligence available at the time, and that several of them did not convey the intelligence community's disagreement or the limits of its certainty. It found that statements suggesting an Iraq-al-Qa'ida partnership were not substantiated and that statements about Saddam Hussein giving weapons of mass destruction to terrorists were contradicted by the intelligence.
Finding DEF-2.9: Reported At a Senate hearing on 11 February 2020 senators quoted SIGAR interview records in which Lute, in 2015, said "We were devoid of a fundamental understanding of Afghanistan--we didn't know what we were doing." Senators also quoted Boucher on seeking "the unachievable" and Crowley on the presentation of altered data. At the same hearing the Special Inspector General, Sopko, testified that "every time we find something that looks like it is going negative, it gets classified or it is no longer relevant."
Finding DEF-6.3: Primary record The Independent Counsel for Iran/Contra concluded that the investigations and prosecutions had shown that high-ranking Administration officials violated laws and executive orders.
Finding DEF-6.7: Primary record The Senate BCCI report found that Justice Department personnel obstructed the Manhattan District Attorney's inquiry and that the CIA continued to use BCCI and First American after it knew BCCI was a criminal enterprise.

Politics and Government

No findings in this subject are tagged with this mechanism.

Food and Agriculture

Finding AGR-2.2: Peer-reviewed According to Kearns et al. (2016), the 1967 New England Journal of Medicine review by McGandy, Hegsted and Stare disclosed other funding of the authors' experimental research and did not mention the Sugar Research Foundation's funding or participation.
Finding AGR-2.3: Peer-reviewed The Sugar Research Foundation’s research director, John Hickson, told Hegsted on 30 July 1965 that he would be disappointed if the sucrose aspect were “drowned out in a cascade of review and general interpretation,” and on 2 November 1966 that the draft was “quite what we had in mind.”
Finding AGR-2.12: Peer-reviewed Three analyses of nutrition research compared funding source with conclusions and found industry-sponsored work more often favorable to industry. A meta-analysis of 12 reports found a risk ratio of 1.31 that the authors call not significant. An analysis of 17 reviews of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain found a risk ratio of 5.0 for reviews with a disclosed industry conflict. A study of 206 articles on soft drinks, juice and milk found that 0 percent of all-industry-funded interventional studies had unfavorable conclusions against 37 percent of studies with no industry funding.

Religious Institutions

Finding REL-3.3: Primary record A Pennsylvania grand jury report released on 14 August 2018, based on half a million pages of documents from six Catholic dioceses, found credible allegations against more than 300 priests and more than 1,000 identifiable child victims in the dioceses' own records. The report says FBI behavioral analysts identified seven practices that recurred in the files, and the Pennsylvania Supreme Court ordered the identities of 11 priests who challenged the report permanently redacted.
Finding REL-3.8: Primary record The 2018 study commissioned by the German Bishops' Conference found allegations against 1,670 clerics, 4.4 percent of those whose personnel records were reviewed, and 3,677 children and juveniles, 1946 to 2014. The researchers did not have access to the original church files, and the study reports that personnel records relevant to earlier investigations had been destroyed or manipulated.
Finding REL-4.3: Primary record The SEC found that from 1997 through 2019 Ensign Peak Advisors, an integrated auxiliary of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, did not file Forms 13F in its own name. The Church and Ensign Peak created thirteen LLCs for the sole purpose of filing the forms and preventing public disclosure of the Church's equity holdings, and the Church's senior leadership approved the approach.